What are the primary materials used in medical disposable underpads?

Medical disposable underpads are typically constructed using several key materials that contribute to their performance in absorbing and containing fluids while maintaining comfort and hygiene. The primary materials used include:

Top Sheet (Facing Layer): This is the layer that comes into direct contact with the patient's skin. It is often made of non-woven materials such as spunbond polypropylene or similar synthetic fibers. These materials are chosen for their softness, comfort, and ability to wick moisture away from the skin, keeping the surface dry.

Absorbent Core: The absorbent core is the central component responsible for soaking up and retaining fluids. It is typically made from a combination of materials such as fluff pulp (cellulose fibers) and superabsorbent polymers (SAP). Fluff pulp provides bulk and absorbency, while SAPs enhance absorption by trapping fluids and turning them into a gel-like substance, preventing leakage.

Back Sheet (Bottom Layer): The back sheet is the waterproof or moisture-resistant layer that prevents fluids from leaking through to underlying surfaces. It is often made of polyethylene (PE) or similar materials that provide a barrier against liquid penetration. The back sheet also helps to maintain the structural integrity of the underpad.

Adhesive Strips or Tape: Some disposable underpads include adhesive strips or tape on the back sheet to secure the underpad to bedding or other surfaces, preventing shifting or bunching during use.

Borders or Edges: The edges of the underpad may be reinforced with additional materials or sealed to prevent leakage and ensure containment of fluids within the absorbent core.

Odor Control Additives (optional): Some underpads incorporate odor control additives such as baking soda or activated carbon to neutralize odors associated with bodily fluids, enhancing user comfort.

These materials are selected and combined to optimize the underpad's performance in terms of absorbency, comfort, leakage prevention, and overall effectiveness in healthcare settings. Manufacturers may vary the composition and design of these materials based on specific product requirements, intended use, and regulatory standards.